NOTA HORS D’OEUVRES
Perkataan hors d’oeuvres diterjemahkan daripada perkataan French yang membawa maksud “outside the work”. Di dalam istilah kulinari, ianya membawa maksud hidangan pembuka selera bersaiz kecil (small bite). Hors d’oeuvres terbahagi kepada dua kategori iaitu panas dan sejuk.
Bahan-bahan yang selalunya digunakan di dalam penyediaan hors d’oeuvres adalah seperti karangan laut, daging salai, patés serta galantines dan sebagainya.
Hors d’oeuvres yang berkualiti biasanya menggunakan bahan-bahan makanan yang mahal dan bermutu seperti udang kara (lobster), ikan salmon, caviar (sejenis telur ikan),burung-burung eksotik (exotic wild birds), hati angsa (goose liver) dan lain-lain.
Hors d’oeuvres yang dihidangkan perlulah:
1) Bahan-bahan yang digunakan perlu dari bahan yang segar
2) Dimakan hanya dengan satu atau dua gigitan sahaja
3) Hors d’oeuvres perlu dihias dan dihidang dengan menarik
4) Elakkan menggunakan bahan makanan yang mempunyai rasa yang sama
Contoh-contoh Hors d’oeuvres Sejuk
(Sumber:
http://images.search.yahoo.com)
NOTA CANAPÉS
Canapés are known as small bite sized open-face sandwiches. Canapés are usually served as part of a cold hors d’oeuvres displayed or as items passed around on trays at banquets or informal cocktail parties.
The canapés consist of four basic elements:
1) The base
- Made of different shapes of fried or toasted bread slices, crouton or crackers.
2) Spreads
- Made of different butter compositions, mayonnaise made of different flavoring, cream cheese or mustard of various degrees of tanginess.
3) The topping
- Different puréed items, smoked or cured, seafood, smoked salmon, sardines, tuna, smoked oysters, caviar, sausages, salami, ham, stuffed or slice egg and etc.
4) Garniture
- Must be edible and must complement the items.
GUIDELINES FOR ASSEMBLING CANAPÉS
1. Pre-preparation is essential
- Preparing thousands of canapés for large functions can be tedious work, so it is essential that all bases, spreads and garnishes be prepared ahead of time.
2. Assemble as close as possible to serving time
- Bases become soggy quickly, spread and garnish dry out easily. As trays are completed, they may be covered lightly with plastic and held for a short time under refrigeration.
3. Select harmonious flavor combinations in spreads and garnish
- Spread and garniture can be anything that is appropriate or that complement each other.
4. Be sure that at least one of the ingredients is spicy or pronounced in flavor
5. Use quality ingredients
- Canapés can be a good way to utilize leftovers but only if the leftovers have been carefully handle and stored to retain freshness.
6. Keep it simple
- Simple, neat arrangements are more attractive than elaborated, overworked designs. Be sure that the canapés hold together and do not fall apart in the customers’’ hands
7. Arrange the canapés carefully and attractive on trays
- Much of the appeal of canapés is eye appeal and customers never see just one at a time but the whole tray. Each tray should carry an assortment of various flavors and textures, so there is something for every taste.
(Sumber: MohdZahari, S (2000) Culinary Arts 1, BIROTEKS UiTM Shah Alam)
(Sumber: http://images.search.yahoo.com)
Variety of fresh and raw vegetables cut into sticks or other attractive, bite-size shape and served with an assortment of dips. The most popular vegetable used as crudités are carrots, celery, radishes, cauliflower, broccoli, zucchini, cucumber, green pepper and cherry tomatoes.
The dips served with the crudités must be very flavorful but not overpowering. Crudités and dips are always served cold. It is practical to set up small bowls of crudités and small bowls with dips for replenishment.
A wide variety of items such as dilled cucumber pickles, gherkins, olives, watermelon pickles, pickled peppers, spiced beets and other preserved vegetables and fruits are also served as relishes. These items are rarely made in-house but are purchased already prepared. Like raw vegetables, they should be served chilled.
(Sumber: MohdZahari, S (2000) Culinary Arts 1, BIROTEKS UiTM Shah Alam)
Examples of Crudités
(Sumber: http://images.search.yahoo.com)
Examples of Relishes
(Sumber: http://images.search.yahoo.com)
PENGENALAN
Sijil Modular
Kebangsaan (SMK) Masakan Barat adalah sebahagian daripada program di dalam
Pakej Program Bidang Latihan Kulinari. Lain-lain program SMK di dalam pakej
program ini adalah seperti berikut:
SIJIL MODULAR KEBANGSAAN (SMK)
|
TEMPOH PENGAJIAN
|
HURAIAN
|
Masakan
Barat
|
4 bulan
|
Peserta akan
didedahkan dengan teknik persediaan dan kemahiran memasak hidangan barat
bermula dariHidangan Sarapan Pagi, Hidangan Pembuka Selera, Hidangan Utama
dan Pencuci Mulut. Peserta akan lebih menguasai latihan Hands On melalui resepi- resepi dan teknik serta kaedah memasak
yang betul yang digunapakai secara standard
di industri.
|
Masakan
Malaysia
|
4 bulan
|
Peserta akan
didedahkan dengan kemahiran penyediaan hidangan masyarakat majmuk rakyat
Malaysia seperti hidangan masyarkat Melayu, Cina dan India termasuk hidangan
perayan. Makanan jualan jalanan (Hawkers
Food) juga akan didedahkan kepada para peserta.
|
Seni
Sajian Dapur Sejuk
|
4 bulan
|
Peserta akan
diberi latihan tentang penyediaan produk – produk yang disediakan di Cold Kitchen. Peserta akan juga
diperkenalkan kepada hidangan sejuk dan panas yang tergolong di dalam
hidangan pembuka selera. Teknik hiasan dan ukiran ais serta ukiran sayur
serta buah buahan juga akan dipelajari didalam sijil kursus ini di samping
teknik salutan gelatin dan persembahan hidangan bagi menepati kehendak semasa
di industri.
|
Masakan
Majlis Bankuasi
|
4 bulan
|
Peserta akan
dideahkan dengan tugasan atau kerja
berkumpulan bagi menyediakan hidangan secara pukal dari pelbagai variasi
hidangan berbentuk hidangan tradisi dan antarabangsa. Peserta akan didedahkan
dengan aktiviti katering luar bagi menambahkan kemahiran dan pengalaman
peserta.
|
Perkhidmatam
Pramusaji
|
3 bulan
|
Peserta akan
mempraktikkan kerja – kerja di dalam aspek operasi restoren yang menjurus
kepada tugasan perkhidmatan penyajian makanan dan minuman. Mengenalpasti
peralatan, menyediakan center – piece,
susunatur ruang penyajian dan mengenalpasti jenis perabot serta linen yang
bersesuaian.
|
Pastri
Dan Konfeksionari
|
3 bulan
|
Peserta akan
didedahkan dengan kemahiran di dalam penyediaan produk – produk pastri manis
dan pedas berdasarkan resepi – resepi yang telah ditetapkan termasuk
kemahiran penyediaan kuih muih tempatan. Teknik dan kemahiran yang akan
dipelajari merangkumi teknik tradisional dan teknik moden atau terkini di
dalam penyediaan produk selari dengan kehendak industri.
|
HASIL PEMBELAJARAN PROGRAM
- Menunjukkan kefahaman pengetahuan dan kemahiran di dalam bidang masakan barat;
- Melaksanakan tugasan breakfast dengan menggunakan peralatan-peralatan dengan betul dan selamat dan mempraktikkan kaedah, metodologi dan teknik dengan sesuai dan tertib bagi melaksanakan tugasan
- Melaksanakan tugasan starters dengan menggunakan peralatan-peralatan dengan betul dan selamat dan mempraktikkan kaedah, metodologi dan teknik dengan sesuai dan tertib bagi melaksanakan tugasan
- Melaksanakan tugasan hidangan utama dengan menggunakan peralatan-peralatan dengan betul dan selamat dan mempraktikkan kaedah, metodologi dan teknik dengan sesuai dan tertib bagi melaksanakan tugasan
- Melaksanakan tugasan dessert dengan menggunakan peralatan-peralatan dengan betul dan selamat dan mempraktikkan kaedah, metodologi dan teknik dengan sesuai dan tertib bagi melaksanakan tugasan
- Mengamalkan kemahiran mengumpul maklumat dan pembelajaran kendiri dan sepanjang hayat.
- Menunjukkan kerjasama dan kemahiran interpersonal dan sosial semasa merancang dan melaksanakan tugasan
ARENA PEMBELAJARAN
Arena Pembelajaran
(LA)
|
Aktiviti Pembelajaran dan Latihan
(LnP)
|
LA 01 : BREAKFAST
|
LnP 01.01
Laksanakan Hidangan Continental
Breakfast
LnP 01.02
Laksanakan Hidangan American Breakfast
|
LA 02 : STARTERS
|
LnP 02.01 Laksanakan
Hidangan Sup
LnP 02.02
Laksanakan Hidangan Starter Hors
D’Ouevres Panas
LnP 02.03
Laksanakan Hidangan Starter Hors
D’Ouevres Sejuk
LnP 02.04
Laksanakan Hidangan Appetizer Panas
LnP 02.05
Laksanakan Hidangan Appetizer Sejuk
|
LA 03 : HIDANGAN UTAMA
|
LnP 03.01
Lasanakan Masakan Sos dan Agen Pemekat
LnP 03.02
Lasanakan Hidangan Utama Berasaskan Meat
LnP 03.03
Lasanakan Hidangan Utama Berasaskan Poultry
LnP 03.04
Lasanakan Hidangan Utama Berasaskan Fish
& Seafood
|
LA 04 : DESSERT
|
LnP 04.01
Laksanakan Hidangan Dessert
|
PAN FRIED SEABASS SERVED WITH HOLLANDAISE SAUCE ACCOMPANIED WITH ASSORTED SAUTEED VEGETABLES AND SPAGHETTI AGLIO OLIO
Ingredients
Seabass
Seabass (fillet) 180gm-220gm
Salt to taste
Pepper to taste
Assorted of Vegetables
Green capsicum, dice 10gm
Carrot, batonnet 10gm
Young corn 10gm
Garlic, chopped 1 tbsp
Salt to taste
Pepper to taste
Spaghetti
Spaghetti 100gm
Olive oil 20ml
Parsley, chopped 5gm
Dried red chilies, seeded and sliced 10gm
Salt to taste
Cooking of Method
Seabass
- Season with salt and pepper
- Pan fried until fully cooked
Assorted of Vegetables
- Carrot and young corn blanched with hot water except capsicum.
- In a small pan, heat oil over medium heat.
- Add chopped garlic and add in all the vegetables.
- Saute, make sure it still al-dante not too soft.
Spaghetti
- Bring salted water to a boil, and cook spaghetti for about 8 minute. Drain.
- In another pan, heat extra virgin olive oil and combine garlic and chili peppers.
- Cook for a few minutes
- Do not burn the garlic; otherwise it will become bitter.
- Add spaghetti to the pan with olive oil and mix well. Sprinkle parsley on top and serve.
Hollandaise Sauce
As the recipe link here
CHICKEN CORDON BLEU
Ingredients
Chicken Breast 1 nos
Bacon 1- 2 slices
Mozarella 20gm
Salt to taste
Pepper to taste
Bread Crumb 50gm
Flour 10gm
Egg 1 nos
Cooking of Method
- Chicken breast cut into half but not cut off till the end.
- Season the breast with salt and pepper. Place on a aluminium foil.
- Place bacon and cheese on the chicken breast.
- Begin rolling, fold the ends toward the center to close the ends of the roll and finish rolling.
- Refrigerate for 15 minutes.
- Bread the chicken using SBP - standard breading procedure. Coating in flour, dipping in egg and coating in breadcrumbs
- Deep fry the roll until fully cooked about 8 minutes.
- Served with hollandaise sauce as the recipe is here.
GRILLED SIRLOIN STEAK SERVED WITH SHALLOTS SAUCE ACCOMPANIED WITH JACKET POTATO AND RATATOUILLE
Ingredients
Sirloin Steak
Sirloin 180-200gm
Salt to taste
Pepper to taste
Paprika to taste
Oil to taste
Shallots Sauce
Demi glace 250ml
Shallots 60gm
Garlic 5gm
Butter 1tbsp
Salt to taste
Pepper to taste
Jacket Potato
Potato 1 nos
Sour Cream 1 tbsp
Bacon 1 tspn
Spring Onion 1 tspn
Cayenne to taste
Paprika to taste
Oil to taste
Salt to taste
Pepper to taste
Ratatouille
Thyme 10gm
Bay leaf 1 nos
Onion 20gm
Green Capsicum 30gm
Yellow Capsicum 30gm
Egg plant 20gm
Tomato 20gm
Tomato paste/coulis 100gm
Salt to taste
Pepper to taste
Oil 1 tbsp
Cooking of Method
Sirloin Steak
- Marinated steak with paprika, oil, salt, pepper about 30 minutes in chiller
- Grill over a hot grill to the desired doneness.
Shallots Sauce
- In a small saucepan, heat 1 tbsp butter over medium heat
- Add the chopped shallots and chopped garlic, saute until translucent
- Do not allow the shallot to brown.
- Add in demi glace. Let it boil and reduce the heat, simmering for awhile.
- Adjust the consistency by adding roux.
- Season with salt and pepper.
Jacket Potato
- Heat the oven 200'c.
- Rub a little oil and seasoning with salt. pepper, cayenne and paprika.
- Wrap in with aluminium foil.
- Baked about 30- 40 minute.
- To serve, slice a cross in the center. Squeeze the base to pop the top.
- Bacon pan fried and chopped.
- Put sour cream, bacon and spring onion on the top as filling.
Ratatouille
- In a small saucepan, heat 1 tbsp butter over medium heat
- All the vegetables cut into dice.
- Saute onion, thyme and bay leaf.
- Add in tomato coulis. Let it simmer for awhile.
- Add all the vegetables. Cook until the vege a bit soft.
- Seasoning with salt and pepper.
PANCAKE SERVED WITH STRAWBERRY SAUCE
Bahan-bahan
Tepung 225gm
Garam 1tsp
Baking Powder 1 tsp
Telur 1 bj
Minyak 55ml
Gula 30gm
Air 225ml
Susu 225ml
Strawberry sauce
Strawberi, kiub 100gm
Gula 50gm
Jus Lemon 1/2 tsp
Air 2 tbsp
Cara Penyediaan
- Gaul dan pukul semua bahan hingga sebati.
- Simpan pada suhu bilik selama 20 minit sebelum masak.
Strawberry Sauce
- Masakkan strawberi bersama bahan lain dengan api sederhana panas.
- Masak sehingga gula cair.
NOTA DESSERT
PENGENALAN
Dessert / Pencuci Mulut merupakan hidangan
yang perlu dihidangkan atau disediakan selepas pelanggan menikmati hidangan
berat. Ini kerana tanpa menghidangkan dessert,
sesuatu menu itu selalunya boleh dianggap kurang lengkap. Dessert merupakan hidangan pencuci mulut yang terakhir selepas Appertizer / Pembuka Selera, Soup / Sup dan Main Course / Hidangan Utama. Di antara contoh dessert popular barat ialah:
- Sweet
crust : (Apple Pie,
Fruit Tartlet)
- Pastry
cream : (Inti Tartlets)
- Kek :
(Pineapple Up Side Down, Span Kek,
Black Forest Cake)
- Custard :
(Cream Caramel)
- Pudding : (Pudding Jagung)
- Cookies :
(Biscuit Chocolate Chips)
- Pastri lapis : (Danish, Puff Pastry)
- Pastry rapuh asas : (Pai Ayam)
JENIS-JENIS
DESSERT
- Dessert Sejuk – Pencuci mulut yang dihidang sejuk, antara contoh dessert sejuk ialah jenis kek, puding, jeli atau agar-agar, mousse, ais krim, pan cake dan sebagainya.
- Dessert Panas – Pencuci mulut yang dihidang panas, antara contoh dessert panas ialah, puff pastry, pai, danish, pastry lapis, cookies dan sebagainya.
DESSERT
SAUCE / SOS UNTUK PENCUCI MULUT
| "VANILLA CUSTARD SAUCE" |
- Juga dikenali sebagai ‘crème anglaise’
- Diperbuat daripada kuning telur, gula, esen vanilla dan susu atau krim half & half
- Dimasak dalam periuk tebal yang diletakkan terus di atas api atau menggunakan double boiler
- Sos vanilla yang baik mempunyai permukaan yang licin, berkilat dan kepekatan yang cukup untuk menyalut belakang senduk kayu (nape consistency). Sos ini agak cair berbanding sos dessert lain. Ia juga tidak sepatutnya mempunyai ketulan kuning telur.
- Dihidang bersama kek, pai, buahan, soufflés dan digunakan bagi menghias pinggan dessert. Ia boleh dihidang panas atau sejuk. Ia juga digunakan sebagai bahan asas kepada ais krim.
JENIS-JENIS DESSERT
1. Baked Custard
- Ia dikategorikan sebagai salah satu jenis pudding
- Menggunakan asas yang sama seperti stirred custard iaitu cecair yang dipekatkan melalui proses pengentalan protein telur (coagulation) apabila ia dipanaskan
- Adunan baked custard memekat semasa proses pembakaran di dalam oven tidak seperti stirred custard di mana ia memekat di dalam periuk ketika dikacau sambil dipanaskan
- Dulang pembakar berisi air digunakan. Bekas yang berisi custard diletakkan di atasnya sebelum kesemuanya dimasukkan ke dalam oven. Kaedah ini dinamakan water bath dan kaedah memasak pula dipanggil steam baking. Ia dibuat bagi mengelakkan telur berketul apabila baked custard masak.
- Walaupun ada water bath dan suhu oven sekitar 100̊C, kastad tidak boleh dibakar terlalu lama kerana produk yang terhasil akan berair, berketul dan mudah pecah apabila dipotong.
- Di antara produk popular yang berasal daripada baked custard ialah crème caramel, rice pudding, bread pudding dan hot soufflé.
2. Pastry Cream
- Memerlukan lebih banyak bahan dan langkah penyediaan tetapi lebih senang disediakan berbanding dengan Vanilla Custard Sauce kerana teksturnya yang sukar untuk berketul.
- Menggunakan agen pemekat berasaskan bahan kanji yang fungsinya adalah untuk menstabilkan telur dan boleh dididihkan tanpa membuatnya berketul.
- Proses mendidihkannya amat penting bagi memastikan agen pemekat yang digunakan benar-benar masak dan tiada rasa bertepung.
- Pematuhan kepada peraturan sanitasi amat penting kerana penyediaannya menggunakan bahan-bahan yang mudah rosakwalaupun sudah dimasak.
- Perlu disimpan di dalam chiller sepanjang masa dan tempoh simpanan pastry cream yang melebihi 12 jam selepas dibuat perlu dibuang jika tidak digunakan.
3. Kastad Serta Dessert Jenis Baked Puding
- Didefinisikan sebagai sebarang cecair yang dipekatkan hasil daripada telur yang mengental apabila dipanaskan
- Kepekatan kastad bergantung kepada nisbah telur kepada cecair dan jenis cecair yang digunakan. Lebih banyak telur digunakan, bertambah pekat kastad yang dihasilkan
- Kebanyakan produk jenis kastad tidak menggunakan agen pemekat berasaskan kanji seperti tepung jagung, tepung kastad dan lain-lain
- Produk berasaskan kastard boleh dibahagikan kepada 2 kumpulan iaitu:
a)
Stirred Custard
b)
Baked Custard
VELOUTE SAUCE
Ingredients
White stock (Veal, chicken or fish) 1liter
White Roux 50-6-gm
Technique of Preparation
- Bring the stock to a boil
- Whip the roux into the stock, work out all the lumps.
- Simmer for 20-30 minutes, skimming the surface as necessary.
- Strain the sauce and adjust the seasoning with salt and pepper to taste.
(source; al, M. S. (2012). Culinary Arts 1. Kuala Lumpur: UiTM Press, UiTM 2010.)
ALLEMANDE SAUCE
Ingredients
Veloute
Butter
Sliced button mushroom
Salt & Pepper
Technique of production
- Heat the butter in the pan.
- Saute the button for 3-5 minutes.
- Add in veloute, maintain boiling point for a few minutes.
- Season the sauce with salt and pepper.
Note: Chopped onion, garlic and cream can be added.
(source; al, M. S. (2012). Culinary Arts 1. Kuala Lumpur: UiTM Press, UiTM 2010.)
BECHAMEL SAUCE
Ingredients
Milk 500ml
White Roux 100ml
Chopped Onion 20gm
Nutmeg Powder to taste
Onion pique 1 nos
Salt & Pepper to taste
Butter 30gm
Technique of Preparation
- Sweat the minced onion in small amount of butter until the onion is translucent.
- Add the milk, onion pique. Bring the milk to a simmer.
- Incorporate the roux, whisking well to remove all lumps.
- Bring to a full boil, reduce the heat to a simmer.
- Pull the pot slightly off the center of the heat source to encourage any impurities and fat to collect at one side of the pot.
- Skim as necessary throughout preparation.
- Stir frequently, as scorching is real concern in the preparation of bechamel.
- Simmer for a minimum of 30 minutes.
- Add grated nutmeg, salt and pepper to taste.
- Strain the sauce through a chinois.
(source; al, M. S. (2012). Culinary Arts 1. Kuala Lumpur: UiTM Press, UiTM 2010.)
MORNAY SAUCE
Ingredients
Bechamel sauce 1liter
Gruyere, grated 60 gm
Parmesan, grated 60gm
Heavy cream 60gm
Slat & Pepper to taste
Technique of Production
- Bring the bechamel to boil in the pot.
- Add gruyere and parmesan to the bechamel slowly. Simmer sauce until cheese is melted.
- Temper the heavy cream and lier the sauce
- Season with salt and pepper.
(source; al, M. S. (2012). Culinary Arts 1. Kuala Lumpur: UiTM Press, UiTM 2010.)
TOMATO SAUCE
Ingredients
Chopped beef bacon 20gm
Clarified butter 20gm
Carrot, medium dice 40gm
Onion, diced 50gm
Garlic, minced 1 clove
Flour 20gm
Tomato concasse 500gm
White stock 1 liter
Beef, bone, roasted 300gm
Tomato puree 70gm
Bay leaf 1 nos
Thyme 3gm
Sugar to taste
Salt and pepper to taste
Technique of Preparation
- Render the bacon in the butter.
- Add the carrots and onions, saute until the onion are translucent
- Add the garlic and saute until an aroma arises.
- Add the flour, cook for 5 minutes.
- Combine the tomato concasse, stock and tomato puree. Add to the onion mixture in the pan. Return to a simmer after each addition.
- Add the roasted beef bones, bay and sugar. Simmer for a few minutes.
- Strain through coarse sieve, remove and discard the bones and aromatics. Press well on the soils remaining in the coarse sieve to extract all juices.
- Puree the sauce through a food blender.
- Adjust the seasoning with salt and pepper to taste.
(source; al, M. S. (2012). Culinary Arts 1. Kuala Lumpur: UiTM Press, UiTM 2010.)
ROSEMARY SAUCE
Ingredients
Chopped garlic 5 gm
Chopped Onion 10 gm
Rosemary 30 gm
Demi glace 0.5 liter
Heavy Cream 2 tsp
Oil 2 tbsp
Salt & Pepper to taste
Technique of Preparation
- Heat oil in the pan.
- Saute the garlic and onion till fragrant.
- Add in rosemary and continue to saute for a while.
- Add in demi glace and simmer for a few minutes
- Season the sauce with salt and pepper.
- Add some cream before serving.
(source; al, M. S. (2012). Culinary Arts 1. Kuala Lumpur: UiTM Press, UiTM 2010.)
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